IL-4 has been extensively studied in the context of its role in immunity. Accumulating
evidence indicates, however, that it also plays a critical role in higher functions of the normal …

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common subtype of primary brain tumor in adults. These
tumors are highly invasive, very aggressive, and often infiltrate critical neurological areas …

Glioblastomas, the most frequent and malignant of primary brain tumors, have a very poor
prognosis 1. Gene therapy of glioblastomas is limited by the short survival of viral vectors …

Abstract Between December 1996 and September 1998, 13 patients with advanced
recurrent malignant brain tumors (9 with glioblastoma multiforme, 1 with gliosarcoma, and 3 …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in
adults. Despite intensive treatment, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains grim with a …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 share the type II IL-4 receptor for cell signaling. We show
that despite expressing the necessary signaling components, glioblastoma cells failed to …

OBJECTIVE: Intracranial rat glioma models are a useful method for evaluating the efficacy
and toxicity of novel therapies for malignant glioma. The C6/Wistar model has been used …

There is a need for novel therapies targeting hypoxic cells in tumors. These cells are
associated with tumor resistance to therapy and express hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) …

Considerable attention has focused on the study of neural stem cells (NSCs) as therapy for
neurodegenerative diseases. The mammalian brain harbors NSCs throughout life mainly in …

Objective Examination of the current trends and future perspectives of the cell-based
therapies in neurosurgery. Methods A PubMed/MEDLINE-based systematic review has …