Lumbar disc degeneration is one of the leading causes of chronic low back pain. The
degenerative cascade is often initiated by an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic …

Degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) is a major contributor to back, neck and
radicular pain. IVD degeneration is characterized by increases in levels of the …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the major causes of low back pain, a
problem with a heavy economic burden, which has been increasing in prevalence as …

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the largest avascular organ of the body. It is composed of
three parts: the nucleus pulposus (NP), the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the cartilaginous …

Objective Back pain is an elusive symptom complicated by a variety of possible causes,
precipitating and maintaining factors, and consequences. Notably, the underlying pathology …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been the major contributor to chronic lower back
pain (LBP). Abnormal apoptosis, senescence, and pyroptosis of IVD cells, extracellular …

The normal intervertebral disc (IVD) is a poorly innervated organ supplied only by sensory
(mainly nociceptive) and postganglionic sympathetic (vasomotor efferents) nerve fibers …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has been considered as the primary pathological
mechanism that underlies low back pain. Understanding the molecular mechanisms …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is one of the major causes of back pain, a
condition that represents a serious socio-economic burden. Deeper knowledge of the …

Although degeneration of the intervertebral disk has historically been described as a
misbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors, the role of inflammatory mediators has …