Battery energy storage system (BESS) has been applied extensively to provide grid services
such as frequency regulation, voltage support, energy arbitrage, etc. Advanced control and …

Automotive battery packs used for electromobility applications consist of a large number of
individual battery cells that are interconnected. Interconnection of the battery cells creates an …

Lithium-Ion battery packs are an essential component for electric vehicles (EVs). These
packs are configured from hundreds of series and parallel connected cells to provide the …

The fuel cell is a powerful and environmentally friendly power generation device that is
widely used. However, conventional single-stack fuel cell systems (SFCS) may not be able …

Lithium-ion battery (LiB) packs are commonly used for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications.
However, accurate battery pack State of Charge (SOC) estimation is crucial for optimal …

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of emerging technologies for modular
power converter architectures for electric vehicles. Nowadays, the most common electrical …

Single lithium-ion cells within electric vehicles' battery packs generally show variations in
capacity and impedance due to the manufacturing process as well as operational …

Parallel connections can be found in many battery applications. Therefore, it is of high
interest to understand how the current distributes within parallel battery cells. However, the …

Parameter variations of lithium-ion batteries are an important concern because they can
reduce the performance of a battery pack. To quantify inherent variations due to production …

Nowadays, battery design must be considered a multi-disciplinary activity focused on
product sustainability in terms of environmental impacts and cost. The paper reviews the …