Cancer nanovaccines as one of immunotherapeutic approaches are able to attack tumors by
stimulating tumor-specific immunological responses. However, there still exist multiple …

The success of inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines has enhanced livestock
productivity, promoted food security, and attenuated the morbidity and mortality of several …

In recent years, aquaculture has attained a major economic revolution, however, infectious
diseases of bacterial, viral, mycotic and parasitic origin are the most significant restrictive …

The limited number of oral vaccines currently approved for use in humans and veterinary
species clearly illustrates that development of efficacious and safe oral vaccines has been a …

Aquaculture has rapidly emerged as one of the fastest growing industries, expanding both
on global and on national fronts. With the ever-increasing demand for proteins with a high …

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most important pathogens infecting tilapia worldwide
and causes meningoencephalitis, septicemia and high mortalities with considerable losses …

Vibrio harveyi is one of the most common threats to farmed grouper, so considerable efforts
are in practice to control the pathogen. This study presents a highly effective vaccine against …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved group of germline-encoded pattern
recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns …

Innate immunity is induced when pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) bind
host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid [poly (I: C)] is a …

Viral diseases represent one of the major threats for salmonid aquaculture. Survival from
viral infections are highly dependent on host innate antiviral immune defense, where …