Insulin and glucagon exert opposing effects on glucose metabolism and, consequently,
pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells are considered functional antagonists. The intra-islet …

Incretin hormones are gut peptides that are secreted after nutrient intake and stimulate
insulin secretion together with hyperglycaemia. GIP (glucose‐dependent insulinotropic …

The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), also known as the T-cell antigen CD26, is a multi-functional
protein which, besides its catalytic activity, also functions as a binding protein and a ligand …

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced in gut endocrine cells and in the
brain, and acts through hormonal and neural pathways to regulate islet function, satiety, and …

Islets of Langerhans are islands of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas. A
number of new studies have pointed to the potential for conversion of non-β islet cells in to …

The intra-islet theory states that glucagon secretion is suppressed when insulin secretion is
stimulated, but glucagon's role in intra-islet paracrine regulation is controversial. This study …

Incretin peptides, principally GLP-1 and GIP, regulate islet hormone secretion, glucose
concentrations, lipid metabolism, gut motility, appetite and body weight, and immune …

The preproglucagon gene (Gcg) is expressed by specific enteroendocrine cells (L-cells) of
the intestinal mucosa, pancreatic islet α-cells, and a discrete set of neurons within the …

The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of publications
referring to extracellular vesicles (EVs). For many years considered to be extracellular …