There is a large body of evidence revealing that minorities—in particular, Black citizens—are
overrepresented in the criminal justice system. But the causes of these inequalities have …

This paper reports on a systematic review and meta-analysis of disproportionate minority
contact in the juvenile justice system. A total of 79 independent samples were analyzed from …

In the 50 years since its inception, racial threat theory has gained substantial traction across
the social sciences and been widely embraced by scholars studying race, power structures …

Purpose To illuminate how racial disparities in police use of force may arise and to guide
research aimed at explaining such disparities. Methods We draw on research on policing …

Background Incarcerated people have disproportionately high rates of adverse experiences,
mental health and substance use disorders. Objective This study identifies typologies of …

A longstanding divide between research and policy presents continuing problems for efforts
to advance science and to improve public safety. The situation leads to poorly designed and …

The present study examines whether racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile justice declined
significantly in a state that has made substantial reform efforts in compliance with the …

Objectives. Drawing on several interrelated lines of scholarship, we argue that cultural
beliefs at individual and neighborhood levels may affect police and court decisions. We …

This paper presents some of the arguments that have been put forward to suggest that
current risk assessments are inherently biased and disproportionally disadvantage people …

Objectives To test the cumulative disadvantage hypothesis—that system-level racial and
ethnic disparities accumulate from intake to final disposition—by investigating relative and …