Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) refers to optic nerve injury resulting from impact
remote to the optic nerve. The mechanism of injury is not understood, and there are no …

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of flash visual-
evoked potentials (VEP), relative afferent pupillary defect, and presence of orbital fractures …

Methods A prospective observational study involving 40 patients with indirect TON was
conducted. Ocular, neuro-ophthalmological, radiological, and neurophysiological variables …

Background Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an acute injury of the optic nerve
associated with severe visual dysfunction, which may be a result of secondary mechanical …

This study aims to report the clinical features and role of different treatment modalities in final
visual outcome in traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). The authors retrospectively reviewed …

Purpose: To study the various ocular findings in patients with closed head injuries, to find
any association with the degree of neurological involvement, and to analyze the treatment …

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a clinical entity caused by axonal damage, which is
rarely seen but leads to severe visual loss. Although it is more common in young males, it …

Background: Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) arises from concussive shockwaves,
causing secondary optic nerve damage. Limited treatment options exist for traumatic optic …

Purpose: To report the aetiology, visual outcome, and clinical features of indirect traumatic
Optic Neuropathy (TON) patients from the tertiary eye care center in South India. Methods: It …

Травмы глаз являются основной причиной заболеваний глаз и монокулярных
нарушений зрения и представляют серьезную проблему для общественного …