In recent years, the field of plant immunity has witnessed remarkable breakthroughs. During
the co-evolution between plants and pathogens, plants have developed a wealth of intricate …

To address the persistent challenge of cell death spread and limitation during effector-
triggered immunity (ETI), we propose a 'concentric circle'model. This model outlines a …

Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most important crops in the world, but its yield and quality are
seriously affected by diverse diseases. Identifying broad-spectrum resistance genes is …

Leaf senescence is a crucial process throughout evolution, vital for plant fitness as it
facilitates the gradual shift of energy allocation between photosynthesis and catabolism …

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are very effective calcium signal decoders due
to their unique structure, which mediates substrate-specific [Ca 2+] cyt signalling through …

Calcium ions act as secondary messengers in diverse signaling pathways in plants
throughout their life cycle. Studies have revealed that calcium is involved in developmental …

The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and arsenic (As) has gradually been
recognized as a global environmental problem, which calls for detailed investigation of the …

Plants must respond to short-term stresses, but a regulated and proportionate response is
essential for long-term survival. A tightrope walker crossing a high wire must balance every …

Abstract Calcium ions (Ca 2+) serve as key messengers in plant immune reactions. A typical
Ca 2+ signaling involves three steps: encoding specific Ca 2+ signatures by Ca 2+ …

The race-specific resistance gene Lr14a in wheat confers a unique type of heterogenous
resistance reaction. It encodes an ankyrin-repeat transmembrane domain protein that …