Scorpion venoms contain a large number of bioactive components. Several of the long-
chain peptides were shown to be responsible for neurotoxic effects, due to their ability to …

Voltage-gated Na+ channels are integral membrane proteins that function as a gateway for
a selective permeation of sodium ions across biological membranes. In this way, they are …

INTRODUCTION Members of the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel family are critical
contributors to electrical signaling. Accordingly, they are targets of drugs, toxins, and …

Animal venoms are complex mixtures containing peptides and proteins known as toxins,
which are responsible for the deleterious effect of envenomations. Across the animal …

Alpha-neurotoxins target voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) and constitute an important
component in the venom of Buthidae scorpions. These toxins are short polypeptides highly …

This communication reviews most of the important findings related to venom components
isolated from scorpions and spiders, mainly by means of gene cloning and expression …

Scorpion α-toxins are invaluable pharmacological tools for studying voltage-gated sodium
channels, but few structure–function studies have been undertaken due to their challenging …

The gene of the four disulfide-bridged Centruroides suffusus suffusus toxin II was cloned into
the expression vector pQE30 containing a 6His-tag and a FXa proteolytic cleavage region …

Scorpion toxins targeting voltage‐gated sodium (NaV) channels are peptides that comprise
60–76 amino acid residues cross‐linked by four disulfide bridges. These toxins can be …

Mature Ts1, the main neurotoxin from Tityus serrulatus venom, has its C-terminal Cys
amidated, while the isolated isoform of Ts1, named Ts1-G, keeps the non-amidated Gly …