Swarm intelligence algorithm is now a research focus for the energy optimization of fuel cell
systems to improve hydrogen utilization efficiency. However, conventional algorithms exhibit …

The research on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has significantly
escalated due to their exceptional efficiency and eco-friendliness, but there is still much …

In this paper, a novel freeze start strategy is proposed for the proton exchange membrane
fuel cell (PEMFC) systems under sub-freezing temperature, which involves the closed-loop …

To enhance the cooling performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the
structural design of cooling channel of PEMFC with dual-objective function model is …

The dynamic performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is crucial for
safe and efficient operation and remains a major barrier to commercialization. In this paper …

This paper comprehensively investigates the purge mechanism of proton exchange
membrane fuel cells during the shutdown process, which qualitatively examines the effect of …

Next-generation proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) encounter significant
challenges at elevated temperatures (OTs) and pressures (OPs) due to local thermal and …

This study investigates the impact of nonuniform assembly forces on the mass transfer
characteristics of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Initially, utilizing a solid …

The internal temperature of proton exchange membrane fuel cells significantly influences
their shutdown purge process a key factor for ensuring operational stability and longevity …

In the automotive sector, the zero emissions area has been dominated by battery electric
vehicles. However, prospective users cite charging times, large batteries, and the …