Physical forces and mechanical properties have critical roles in cellular function, physiology
and disease. Over the past decade, atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have …

During the last three decades, a series of key technological improvements turned atomic
force microscopy (AFM) into a nanoscopic laboratory to directly observe and chemically …

De novo protein design methods can create proteins with folds not yet seen in nature. These
methods largely focus on optimizing the compatibility between the designed sequence and …

“The Tao begets the One. One begets all things of the world.” This quote from Tao Te Ching
is still inspiring for scientists in chemistry and materials science: The “One” can refer to a …

High resilience to mechanical stress is key when pathogens adhere to their target and
initiate infection. Using atomic force microscopy–based single-molecule force spectroscopy …

Mechanical forces are central to most, if not all, biological processes, including cell
development, immune recognition, and metastasis. Because the cellular machinery …

The recent development of chemical and bio-conjugation techniques allows for the
engineering of various protein polymers. However, most of the polymerization process is …

A primary reason for the intense interest in structural biology is the fact that knowledge of
structure can elucidate macromolecular functions in living organisms. Sustained effort has …

Single-molecule force spectroscopy has provided unprecedented insights into protein
folding, force regulation, and function. So far, the field has relied primarily on atomic force …

Abstract Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors (aGPCRs) are key cell-adhesion
molecules involved in numerous physiological functions. aGPCRs have large multi-domain …