Part II of this article will be published in Volume 11, Number 2, April 2005. Poorly
maintained, degraded, and improperly controlled equipment wastes an estimated 15% to …

This paper is the second of a two-part review of methods for automated fault detection and
diagnostics (FDD) and prognostics whose intent is to increase awareness of the HVAC&R …

Heat pumps are increasingly being installed in domestic buildings, which is an opportunity
to reduce the energy needed to heat and cool buildings. However, this reduction will only be …

This paper presents a method for automated detection and diagnosis of faults in vapor
compression air conditioners that only requires temperature measurements, and one …

This paper identifies important faults and their performance impacts for rooftop air
conditioners. The frequencies of occurrence and the relative costs of service for different …

Abstract Heat Pumps (HPs) market have performed a progressive growth in the last years
and the predictions still point to an increase greater than 200% until 2030. Besides the fact …

Over the past 20 years, energy conservation imperatives, the use of computer based design
aids, and major advances in intelligent management systems for buildings have transformed …

Energy consumption in buildings is a significant cost to the building's operation. As faults are
introduced to the system, building energy consumption may increase and may cause a loss …

An air handling unit's energy usage can vary from the original design as components fail or
fault–dampers leak or fail to open/close, valves get stuck, and so on. Such problems do not …

Faults in air-cooled vapor compression air-conditioning systems are known to reduce
performance, including efficiency, capacity, and lifespan. Their effects have been studied …