The neurovascular unit (NVU), composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, juxtaposed
astrocytes and microglia together with neurons, is essential for proper central nervous …

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are widely known for their roles in synaptic
signaling. However, accumulating evidence suggests roles of mGluRs in human …

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a non-redundant
lipid phosphatase that restrains and fine tunes the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) …

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and is closely associated
with the development of brain metastases. Despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis has …

Background Beyond their conventional roles in hemostasis and wound healing, platelets
have been shown to facilitate hematogenous metastasis by interacting with cancer cells …

The targeting of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in
melanoma improves the prognosis of patients harbouring the V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral …

Abstract Combined MAPK/PI3K pathway inhibition represents an attractive, albeit toxic,
therapeutic strategy in oncology. Since PTEN lies at the intersection of these two pathways …

Background Melanoma is an extremely aggressive type of skin cancer and experiencing a
expeditiously rising mortality in a current year. Exploring new potential prognostic …

Brain metastasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Hence,
the need to develop improved therapies to prevent and treat metastasis to the brain is …

Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has become an
attractive target for human cancer therapy. Hyperactivation of mTOR has been reported in …