A fatal case of Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurred in northern Australia in early 2021.
Sequence studies showed that the virus belonged to genotype IV (GIV), a genotype …

West Nile virus (WNV), an arthropod-borne virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae, had
been recognized in Africa, Asia and the south of Europe for many decades. Only recently, it …

West Nile virus (WNV) continues to be a major cause of human arboviral neuroinvasive
disease. Susceptible non-human vertebrates are particularly diverse, ranging from …

Since the first detection of West Nile virus in the Western Hemisphere in 1999, the virus has
spread rapidly across the North American continent and as far south as Argentina. An …

West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus which transmission cycle is maintained between
mosquitoes and birds, although it occasionally causes sporadic outbreaks in horses and …

In this study, the sera collected from a variety of mammalian species (ass-mules, cat, cattle,
dog, horse, human and sheep) in 10 representative provinces of Turkey, were surveyed for …

Llamas and alpacas are affected by a wide range of neurologic diseases, including
listeriosis, polioencephalomalacia, encephalitis caused by West Nile virus and equine …

West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 is associated with neurologic disease in horses and
humans in South Africa. Surveillance in wildlife and nonequine domestic species during …

Breeding and raising New World camelids (NWC) in North America has become popular
among hobby and alternative livestock farmers over the past 25 years. Llama farms and …

Abstract West Nile virus (WNV)(Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) was discovered in Africa more than
80 yr ago and became recognized as an avian pathogen and a cause of neurologic disease …