We establish the variational problem giving elastic curves in a twodimensional lightlike
cone. The solutions of the variational problem produce two Euler-Lagrange equations. By …

We investigate a dual bending energy functional that operates on the dual pseudo-sphere in
dual Lorentzian space. For a nonnull dual curve on the dual pseudo-sphere to be …

We study Kirchhoff elastic rod whose centerlines are non-null curves in the Minkowski 3−
space. In particular, we obtain the differential equation describing non-null Kirchhoff elastic …

We establish the variational problem giving elastic curves in a twodimensional lightlike
cone. The solutions of the variational problem produce two Euler-Lagrange equations. By …

A variational study of finding critical points of the total squared torsion functional for curves in
Euclidean 3-spaces is presented. Critical points of this functional also known as one of the …

In this paper, the extremals of curvature energy actions on non-null regular curves in 2-
dimensional de Sitter space are studied. We completely solve the Euler–Lagrange equation …

We study hyperelastic curves known as a generalization of elastic curves in $3-$
dimensional lightlike cone which is a degenerate hypersurface in Minkowski $4-$ space as …

The pseudo spherical indicatrix of a curve in Minkowski $3 $-space emerges as three types:
the pseudo spherical tangent indicatrix, principal normal indicatrix, and binormal indicatrix of …

In this paper, we aim to extend the Darboux frame field into 3-dimensional Anti-de Sitter
space and obtain two cases for this extension by considering a parameterized curve on a …