Currently, obesity has become a global health issue and is referred to as an epidemic.
Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the development of insulin …

Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date
several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that …

The objective of this comprehensive review is to summarize and discuss the available
evidence of how adipose tissue inflammation affects insulin sensitivity and glucose …

Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis.
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine with …

Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies
and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and …

Immune cell infiltration in (white) adipose tissue (AT) during obesity is associated with the
development of insulin resistance. In AT, the main population of leukocytes are …

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder currently affecting over
350 million people worldwide. Also, another one billion people in the world are pre-diabetic …

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the onset of diabetes. This review summarizes the
role of Vitamin D in maintaining the normal release of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells (β …

Metabolism and immunity are two fundamental systems of metazoans. The presence of
immune cells, such as macrophages, in metabolic tissues suggests dynamic, ongoing …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has a key role in innate immunity by activating an
inflammatory signaling pathway. Free fatty acids (FFAs) stimulate adipose tissue …