The ideal material for nanophotonic applications will have a large refractive index at optical
frequencies, respond to both the electric and magnetic fields of light, support large optical …

Through the use of the limited materials palette, optimally designed micro-and
nanostructures, and tightly regulated processes, nature demonstrates exquisite control of …

Biological photonic structures can precisely control light propagation, scattering, and
emission via hierarchical structures and diverse chemistry, enabling biophotonic …

The extraordinary properties of biological materials often result from their sophisticated
hierarchical structures. Through multilevel and cross-scale structural designs, biological …

The increasing demand for constructing ecological civilization and promoting socially
sustainable development has encouraged scientists to develop bioinspired materials with …

Purines are natural substances found in all of the body's cells and in virtually all foods. In
humans, purines are metabolized to uric acid, which serves as an antioxidant and helps to …

Highly reflective crystals of the nucleotide base guanine are widely distributed in animal
coloration and visual systems. Organisms precisely control the morphology and organization …

Two photon polymerisation using direct laser writing is a burgeoning field of research, with
recent focus being placed on bringing added value to microstructures, by incorporating soft …

Guanine crystals are widely used in nature to manipulate light. The first part of this feature
article explores how organisms are able to construct an extraordinary array of optical …

Natural creatures have evolved elaborate photonic nanostructures on multiple scales and
dimensions in a hierarchical, organized way to realize controllable absorption, reflection, or …