Creativity has long been thought to involve associative processes in memory: connecting
concepts to form ideas, inventions, and artworks. However, associative thinking has been …

Creativity reflects the remarkable human capacity to produce novel and effective ideas.
Empirical work suggests that creative ideas do not just emerge out of nowhere but typically …

Large language models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's GPT-3 and its successor ChatGPT, have
exhibited astounding successes—as well as curious failures—in several areas of artificial …

The dominant paradigm for inference in psychology is a null-hypothesis significance testing
one. Recently, the foundations of this paradigm have been shaken by several notable …

The testing effect is a well-known concept referring to gains in learning and retention that
can occur when students take a practice test on studied material before taking a final test on …

Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

Educators rely heavily on learning activities that encourage elaborative studying, whereas
activities that require students to practice retrieving and reconstructing knowledge are used …

Bayesian explanations have swept through cognitive science over the past two decades,
from intuitive physics and causal learning, to perception, motor control and language. Yet …

Learning is often identified with the acquisition and encoding of new information. Reading a
textbook, listening to a lecture, participating in a hands-on classroom activity, and studying a …

The author presents a conceptual model of brand equity from the perspective of the
individual consumer. Customer-based brand equity is defined as the differential effect of …