Turbulent phenomena are among the most striking effects that both classical and quantum
fluids can exhibit. Although classical turbulence is ubiquitous in nature, the observation of …

Nonequilibrium interacting systems can evolve to exhibit large-scale structure and order. In
two-dimensional turbulent flow, the seemingly random swirling motion of a fluid can evolve …

In a two-dimensional (2D) classical fluid, a large-scale flow structure emerges out of
turbulence, which is known as the inverse energy cascade where energy flows from small to …

We derive a general and exact equation of motion for a quantized vortex in an
inhomogeneous two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. This equation expresses the …

In a 2D turbulent fluid containing pointlike vortices, Lars Onsager predicted that adding
energy to the fluid can lead to the formation of persistent clusters of like-signed vortices, ie …

We study two-dimensional quantum turbulence in miscible binary Bose-Einstein
condensates in either a harmonic trap or a steep-wall trap through the numerical simulations …

The coexistence of the energy and enstrophy cascades in 2D quantum turbulence is one of
the important open questions in the studies of quantum fluids. Here, we show that polariton …

We have studied statistical mechanics of a gas of vortices in two dimensions. We introduce a
new observable—a condensate fraction of Onsager vortices—to quantify the emergence of …

Turbulent flow restricted to two dimensions can spontaneously develop order on large
scales, defying entropy expectations and in sharp contrast with turbulence in three …

It has been observed empirically that two-dimensional vortices tend to cluster, forming a
giant vortex. To account for this observation, Onsager introduced the concept of negative …