The annual bark yield in Canada is as much as 17 million m 3. Currently, more than half of
the bark is incinerated or landfilled and the remainder of the bark is mainly used as a cheap …

Isoconversional kinetic analysis involves evaluating a dependence of the effective activation
energy on conversion or temperature and using this dependence for making kinetic …

The objective of this study was to produce green phenolic resins and adhesives using bio-
phenolic compounds produced from lignin/forestry residuals. To produce bio-phenolic …

This work outlines the synthesis and characterization of a green epoxy resin derived from
bark extractives. The resins were prepared at various temperatures and catalyst amounts to …

Commercial resol-type phenolic resins are mainly synthesized from the highly toxic and
highly volatile formaldehyde. Aromatic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin …

Phenolic bio‐oil produced by the direct liquefaction of Eastern white pine (Pinus Strobus L.)
sawdust in a hot‐compressed ethanol‐water (1: 1 w/w) medium at 300° C was used to …

Bio‐oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) sawdust
was methylolated with formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The obtained …

The molecular weight Mw and molecular weight distribution MWD of phenolic novolacs play
an important role in their production, processing and applications, yet their exact influences …

Tannin from larch (Larix gmelini) bark extracts, as a natural renewable resource, was used
to prepare tannin–urea–formaldehyde (TUF) resin. The chemical structures of larch tannin …

The use of chestnut (Castanea sativa) shell tannin extracts for the formulation of wood
adhesives has been studied. The interest was centred not only on the formulation of …