Plant vacuoles are essential organelles for plant growth and development, and have
multiple functions. Vacuoles are highly dynamic and pleiomorphic, and their size varies …

Rho-GTPases control a variety of cellular functions mainly by regulating microtubule and
actin dynamics, affecting the cytoskeleton, and are important regulators of the structural …

How cells polarize in response to external cues is a fundamental biological problem. For
mating, yeast cells orient growth toward the source of a pheromone gradient produced by …

The cell wall is a structure external to the plasma membrane that is essential for the survival
of the fungi. This polysaccharidic structure confers resistance to the cell internal turgor …

The exocyst complex is essential for many exocytic events, by tethering vesicles at the
plasma membrane for fusion. In fission yeast, polarized exocytosis for growth relies on the …

Endosome-to-Golgi transport is required for the function of many key membrane proteins
and lipids, including signaling receptors, small-molecule transporters, and adhesion …

Cell pairing is central for many processes, including immune defense, neuronal connection,
hyphal fusion, and sexual reproduction. How does a cell orient toward a partner, especially …

Rod-shaped fission yeast grows through cell wall expansion at poles and septum,
synthesized by essential glucan synthases. Bgs1 synthesizes the linear β (1, 3) glucan of …

Active Cdc42 is essential for the establishment of polarized growth. This GTPase is
negatively regulated by the GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), which are important for the …

Active Cdc42 GTPase, a key regulator of cell polarity, displays oscillatory dynamics that are
anticorrelated at the two cell tips in fission yeast. Anticorrelation suggests competition for …