Within a tumor, IL-1β is produced and secreted by various cell types, such as immune cells,
fibroblasts, or cancer cells. The IL1B gene is induced after “priming” of the cells and a …

From yeast to mammals, autophagy is an important mechanism for sustaining cellular
homeostasis through facilitating the degradation and recycling of aged and cytotoxic …

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is abundant in the tumor microenvironment, where this cytokine can
promote tumor growth, but also antitumor activities. We studied IL-1β during early tumor …

More than a decade has passed since the conceptualization of the “alarmin” hypothesis. The
alarmin family has been expanding in terms of both number and the concept. It has recently …

Our immune system is based on the close collaboration of the innate and adaptive immune
systems for the rapid detection of any threats to the host. Recognition of pathogen-derived …

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), with its members JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, is a
subfamily of (MAPK) mitogen-activated protein kinases. JNK signaling regulates a wide …

In the complex interplay between malignant cells and their microenvironment, caspase-1
activation complexes (inflammasomes) have contrasting roles. Inflammasomes may operate …

The crosstalk between inflammation and tumorigenesis is now clearly established. However,
how inflammation is elicited in the metastatic environment and the corresponding …

Tumor-associated inflammation is predictive of poor prognosis and drives a variety of
tumorigenic phenotypes, including tumor proliferation and survival, angiogenesis …

Idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare, often difficult‐to‐predict adverse
reaction with complex pathomechanisms. However, it is now evident that certain forms of …