Flavonoids occur widely in plants and are a biologically major and chemically diverse group
of secondary metabolites that can be divided into subgroups including anthocyanidins …

The roles of flavonoids in plant defence against pathogens, herbivores, and environmental
stress are reviewed and their significant contribution to plant resistance is discussed. The …

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary staple food for half of the world population. It is generally
classified based on the grain color into black, red, purple, brown, green, and white. These …

Anthocyanins are a group of natural occurring pigments responsible for the red-blue colour
of many fruits and vegetables. Anthocyanins are of interest for two reasons because they …

Recent achievements have been made in the metabolic engineering of plant secondary
metabolism. Various pathways have been altered using genes encoding biosynthetic …

Plants endure various biotic and abiotic stressors throughout their lives due to their sessile
nature and therefore different stresses such as salinity, heavy metals, temperature (high or …

Polyphenols, such as phenolic acid, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins, have both
nutraceutical properties and functional significance for human health. Identification of …

CRISPR/Cas, one of the most rapidly developing technologies in the world, has been
applied successfully in plant science. To test new nucleases, gRNA expression systems and …

Anthocyanins are a major subclass of flavonoids that have diverse biological functions and
benefit human health. In rice (Oryza sativa), the various colors shown by organs are due …

Rice production needs to be sustained in the coming decades, as the changeable climatic
conditions are becoming more conducive to disease outbreaks. The majority of rice …