Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from
alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic …

Late I Na is an integral part of the sodium current, which persists long after the fast-
inactivating component. The magnitude of the late I Na is relatively small in all species and …

Cellular electrophysiology experiments, important for understanding cardiac arrhythmia
mechanisms, are usually performed with channels expressed in non myocytes, or with non …

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a potential source to
develop assays for predictive electrophysiological safety screening. Published studies show …

Background: Ventricular repolarization and contractile function are frequently abnormal in
ventricular myocytes from human failing hearts as well as canine hearts with experimentally …

Abstract Background: Late Na+ current (INaL) in human and dog hearts has been implicated
in abnormal repolarization associated with heart failure (HF). HF slows inactivation gating of …

Despite improvements in the therapy of underlying heart disease, sudden cardiac death is a
major cause of death worldwide. Disturbed Na and Ca handling is known to be a major …

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are modulated by many bilayer mechanical
amphiphiles, but whether, like other voltage-gated channels (Kv, HCN, Cav), they respond to …

Calmodulin (CaM) plays critical roles in cardiomyocytes, regulating Na+ (NaV) and L-type
Ca2+ channels (LTCCs). LTCC dysregulation by mutant CaMs has been implicated in action …

This review presents the roles of cardiac sodium channel NaV1. 5 late current (late I Na) in
generation of arrhythmic activity. The assumption of the authors is that proper Na+ channel …