Various transient and permanent bonds are commonly combined in increasingly complex
hierarchical structures to achieve biomimetic functions, along with high mechanical …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the leading causes of chronic pain and
disability, and traditional treatment methods often struggle to restore its complex …

Organic–inorganic composite materials found in nature are produced by organisms via
spatiotemporally controlled growth of inorganic minerals in a templating scaffold of organic …

Mussel-inspired polymeric materials have found a broad range of applications not only in
adhesives, coatings, and tough hydrogels but thanks to self-healing and stimuli …

Abstract Poly (ethylene glycol)(PEG)-based nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel with multiple
advantageous properties such as high mechanical strength and stimuli-responsiveness …