Citriculture has been one of the most important agricultural activities worldwide. Brazil is
among the five major citrus producers in the world, together with China, the European Union …

Background Xanthomonas citri, a causal agent of citrus canker, has been a well-studied
model system due to recent availability of whole genome sequences of multiple strains from …

It has been known that streptomycin resistance in bacteria can occur as a results of
chromosomal mutation or through gene acquisition or both. Chromosomal mutations for …

Asiatic citrus canker is a major disease worldwide, and its causal agent, Xanthomonas citri
pv. citri, is listed as a quarantine organism in many countries. Analysis of the molecular …

Horizontal gene transfer is of major evolutionary importance as it allows for the redistribution
of phenotypically important genes among lineages. Such genes with essential functions …

The São Paulo state citrus belt in Brazil is a major citrus production region. Since at least
1957, citrus plantations in this region have been affected by citrus canker, an economically …

The most significant bacterial disease infecting grape is bacterial leaf spot (BLS), caused by
Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola (Xcv) strain. In the field, BLS severity depends on host …

Citrus is an economically important fruit crop that is severely afflicted by Asiatic citrus
bacterial canker (CBC), a disease caused by the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp …

Among fruit crops, Citrus (Family: Rutaceae) is major fruit crop worldwide both area-and
production-wise (Hynniewta et al., 2011). Lime, grapefruit, lemon and tangerines are …

Bacterial diseases pose significant risks to the citrus industry, causing major economic
losses and threatening global production. The most severe threats include citrus canker …