The “biological pump” is the process by which photosynthetically-produced organic matter in
the ocean descends from the surface layer to depth by a combination of sinking particles …

The frequency and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and phytoplankton community
shifts toward toxic species have increased worldwide. Although most research has focused …

Over the last decade, our understanding of the environmental controls on Pseudo-nitzschia
blooms and domoic acid (DA) production has matured. Pseudo-nitzschia have been found …

Lelong A., Hégaret H., Soudant P. and Bates SS 2012. Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae)
species, domoic acid and amnesic shellfish poisoning: revisiting previous paradigms …

Coastal waters of the United States (US) are subject to many of the major harmful algal
bloom (HAB) poisoning syndromes and impacts. These include paralytic shellfish poisoning …

Along the Pacific coast of North America, from Alaska to Mexico, harmful algal blooms
(HABs) have caused losses to natural resources and coastal economies, and have resulted …

Global change is leading to warming, acidification, and oxygen loss in the ocean. In the
Southern California Bight, an eastern boundary upwelling system, these stressors are …

Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin that is naturally produced by several diatom species of
the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. The toxin acts as a glutamate agonist and is excitotoxic in the …

Ocean processes are dynamic and complex and occur on multiple spatial and temporal
scales. To obtain a synoptic view of such processes, ocean scientists collect data over long …

Some members of the diatom genus Pseudo‐nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid (DA),
which through trophic transfer causes mass mortalities of wildlife, shellfish harvesting …