This paper theorizes three forms of bias that might limit women's representation: outright
hostility, double standards, and a double bind whereby desired traits present bigger burdens …

Social role theory provides a framework to help understand the complexity of gender in the
political sphere. We demonstrate how SRT both helps to explain extant research findings …

Women's underrepresentation in American politics is often attributed to relatively low levels
of political ambition. Yet scholarship still grapples with a major leak in the pipeline to power …

What does it take for women to win political office? This book uncovers a gendered
qualifications gap, showing that women need to be significantly more qualified than men to …

Voters do not associate female candidates with feminine stereotypes, but voters also do not
associate female candidates with the qualities most valued in political leaders such as …

Organized religion affords the faithful a variety of civic skills that encourage political
participation. Women are more religious than are men by most measures, but religious …

Current scholarship offers conflicting conclusions about whether female candidates have a
feminine advantage or a disadvantage. Previous work does not consider whether voters …

Women are under-represented at every level of elected office in the United States. As of
2018, women held just under 20% of seats in Congress, 25% of state legislative seats …

After the struggle for women's right to vote in the United States ended in 1920, many
feminists hoped women would achieve equality in US elective office. Yet, even with the …

While early gendered messages mold children's expectations about the world, we know
relatively little about the depictions of women in politics and exposure to gender stereotypes …