" Automated scoring engines [...] require a careful balancing of the contributions of
technology, NLP, psychometrics, artificial intelligence, and the learning sciences. The …

Recent technology advances have enabled the collection of keystroke logs during writing, a
non-intrusive approach to collecting writing process data that could provide insights into …

Scientific literacy requires students to generalise their scientific understanding to contexts
beyond the classroom and engage in effective communication. An interdisciplinary …

As the use of process data in large-scale educational assessments is becoming more
common, it is clear that data on examinees' test-taking behaviors can illuminate their …

Multiple factors simultaneously interact during the writing process. The effect of these
interacting factors must be considered if writing is studied as a dynamic and complex …

In this study, we present three types of unsupervised anomaly detection to identify
anomalous test-takers based on their action sequences in problem-solving tasks. The first …

The study of revision has been a topic of interest in writing research over the past decades.
Numerous studies have, for instance, shown that learning-to-revise is one of the key …

This study investigates the effects of a scenario-based assessment design on students'
writing processes. An experimental data set consisting of four design conditions was used in …

Writing high-quality procedural texts is a challenging task for many learners. While example-
based learning has shown promise as a feedback approach, a limitation arises when all …

Written text plays an important role in our daily communication, work, and learning. During
their studies, students are trained to write these texts in a clear and effective way. However …