On the basis of its generally accessible I/II redox couple and bioavailability, copper plays a
wide variety of roles in nature that mostly involve electron transfer (ET), O 2 binding …

Copper is an essential trace element in living systems, present in the parts per million
concentration range. It is a key cofactor in a diverse array of biological oxidation-reduction …

Enzyme reactions that involve strong coupling between proton and electron transfer are of
fundamental importance in biology. This is particularly evident in the reactions of primary …

Spatially well-organized electron-transfer reactions in a series of membrane-bound redox
proteins form the basis for energy conservation in both photosynthesis and respiration. The …

Cellular respiration has a long research history at the interface between biology, chemistry,
and physics. Research in this field spans the entire range from fundamental mechanistic and …

▪ Abstract Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chains of
mitochondria and aerobic bacteria, catalyzes electron transfer from cytochrome c to …

The advent of aerobic biology was her-alded about two billion years ago, when primitive
cyanobacteria evolved the ability to photooxidize water. Oxygen was released as a waste …

Cytochrome c oxidase catalyzes most of the biological oxygen consumption on Earth, a
process responsible for energy supply in aerobic organisms. This remarkable membrane …

CYTOCHROME c oxidase catalyses the 4-electron reduction of dioxygen to water and
translocates protons vectorially across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Proposed …

Recent time-resolved optical and electrometric experiments have provided a sequence of
events for the proton-translocating mechanism of cytochrome c oxidase. These data also set …