Microglia are emerging as critical regulators of neuronal function and behavior in nearly
every area of neuroscience. Initial reports focused on classical immune functions of …

The discovery of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin in 2001 has revolutionized our
understanding of iron disorders, and its measurement should advance diagnosis/treatment …

Owing to its abundance in inflammatory settings, interleukin IL-6 is frequently viewed as a
proinflammatory cytokine, with functions that parallel those of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) …

Anemia of inflammation (AI, formerly also called anemia of chronic disease or anemia of
chronic disorders) is usually a mild to moderately severe anemia (hemoglobin rarely lower …

Under evolutionary pressure to counter the toxicity of iron and to maintain adequate iron
supply for hemoglobin synthesis and essential metabolic functions, humans and other …

The essential trace element iron regulates a wide range of biological processes in virtually
all living organisms. Because both iron deficiency and iron overload can lead to various …

Production of minute concentrations of superoxide (O 2 radical dot−) and nitrogen monoxide
(nitric oxide, NO radical dot) plays important roles in several aspects of cellular signaling …

Interleukin-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine regulating different tissues and organs in diverse and
sometimes discrepant ways. The dual and sometime hermetic nature of IL-6 action has been …

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major problem in chronic kidney disease (CKD), causing
increased mortality. Ferritin stores iron, representing iron status. Hepcidin binds to …

Both, mammalian cells and microbes have an essential need for iron, which is required for
many metabolic processes and for microbial pathogenicity. In addition, cross-regulatory …