PTEN is a phosphatase which metabolises PIP 3, the lipid product of PI 3-Kinase, directly
opposing the activation of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling network. Accordingly …

Abstract Approximately 70− 75% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER),
indicating a level of dependence on estrogen for growth. Endocrine therapy is an important …

The importance of PTEN in cellular function is underscored by the frequency of its
deregulation in cancer. PTEN tumor-suppressor activity depends largely on its lipid …

The ErbB2-targeting antibody, trastuzumab (Herceptin), has remarkable therapeutic efficacy
in certain patients with ErbB2-overexpressing tumors. The overall trastuzumab response …

PTEN tumor suppressor opposes the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the cytoplasm and
maintains chromosomal integrity in the nucleus. Nucleus–cytoplasm shuttling of PTEN is …

Since its discovery as the elusive tumor suppressor gene at the frequently mutated 10q23
locus, PTEN has been identified as lost or mutated in several sporadic and heritable tumor …

In recent years the description of well-defined molecular subtypes of breast cancer, together
with the identification of the driving genetic alterations and signaling pathways, has led to …

Background: PTEN tumor suppressor gene mutations are the most frequent genetic lesions
in endometrial adenocarcinomas of the endometrioid subtype. Testing the hypothesis that …

Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway either through loss of
PTEN or mutation of the catalytic subunit α of PI3K (PIK3CA) occurs frequently in human …

Genetic alterations targeting the PTEN tumor suppressor gene are among the most
frequently noted somatic mutations in human cancers. Such lesions have been noted in …