In addition to routine clinical laboratory tests (including natriuretic peptides and cardiac
troponins), other biomarkers are gaining attention for their utility in heart failure (HF) …

Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2, also known as interleukin [IL]-1 receptor–like-1) is an
IL-1 receptor family member with transmembrane (ST2L) and soluble isoforms (sST2). ST2L …

ABSTRACT Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has now emerged as a cytokine with diverse and
pleiotropic functions in various infectious and inflammatory diseases. IL-33 is expressed by …

Infection with dengue virus (DENV) causes both mild dengue fever and severe dengue
diseases, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The pathogenic …

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses cause annual epidemics of encephalitis and viscerotropic
disease worldwide. West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Japanese Encephalitis virus …

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin capable of promoting or suppressing the
progression of infectious diseases. This protein is susceptible to cleavage of its linker …

Abstract Introduction: In 2009, the new World Health Organization (WHO) dengue case
classification–dengue/severe dengue (D/SD)–was introduced, replacing the 1997 WHO …

Several studies have been performed to determine biomarkers that define the risk factors to
developing severe forms of dengue. In this study, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, IL-17 …

Dengue virus (DENV) represents a major threat to public health worldwide. Early DENV
diagnosis should not only detect the infection but also identify patients with a higher …

Since warning signs and signs of severe dengue are defined differently between studies, we
conducted a systematic review on how researchers defined these signs. We conducted an …