Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality and the underlying
mechanisms of cancer metastasis remain elusive. Both blood and lymphatic vasculatures …

The lymphatic system, composed of initial and collecting lymphatic vessels as well as lymph
nodes that are present in almost every tissue of the human body, acts as an essential …

Patients with bladder cancer (BCa) with clinical lymph node (LN) metastasis have an
extremely poor prognosis. VEGF-C has been demonstrated to play vital roles in LN …

As a key step of tumor lymphatic metastasis, lymphangiogenesis is regulated by VEGFC‐
VEGFR3 signaling pathway mediated by immune cells, mainly macrophages, in the tumor …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant inflammatory infiltrates in
the tumor microenvironment and contribute to lymph node (LN) metastasis. However, the …

Distant metastasis is a primary cause of mortality and contributes to poor surgical outcomes
in cancer patients. Before the development of organ-specific metastasis, the formation of a …

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis often occur in response to tissue injury or in the
presence of pathology (eg, cancer), and it is these types of environments in which …

As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique
microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate system within solid neoplasms. In this
review, we aim to provide an updated insight into the TME with a focus on the effects of …

Colitis-associated colorectal cancer is the most serious complication of ulcerative colitis.
Long-term chronic inflammation increases the incidence of CAC in UC patients. Compared …