When should states publicly attribute cyber intrusions? Whilst this is a question governments
increasingly grapple with, academia has hardly helped in providing answers. This article …

An act of cyberterrorism involves using the internet and other forms of information and
communication technology to threaten or cause bodily harm to gain political or ideological …

Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine was shocking, but few could claim to have been
truly surprised. Leading NATO powers had been publicly and privately warning of such an …

Western nations face a glaring punishment problem in the cyber domain. Repeatedly, other
nations assail their political and economic interests. Repeatedly, Western leaders warn …

Cybersecurity is a complex and contested issue in international politics. By focusing on
the'great powers'--the US, the EU, Russia and China--studies in the field often fail to capture …

Can intelligence serve as a coercive instrument in international relations? While coercion
literature mostly addresses military and economic means, this article argues that coercion …

Offensive cyber capabilities (OCCs) are the combination of people, technologies, and
organizational attributes that jointly enable offensive cyber operations: the adversarial …

Why do states deliberately disclose hard-earned intelligence? For political and operational
reasons, Official Public Intelligence Disclosure (OPID) is often considered counterintuitive …

Data breaches result in data loss, including personal, health, and financial information that
are crucial, sensitive, and private. The breach is a security incident in which personal and …

Data breaches result in data loss, including personal, health, and financial information that
are crucial, sensitive, and private. The breach is a security incident in which personal and …