The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER
stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a central role in regulating endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) and global cellular physiology in response to pathologic ER stress. The UPR …

Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed,
by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing …

The aging process is characterized by a progressive decline in the function of most tissues,
representing the main risk factor in the development of a variety of human diseases. Studies …

The unfolded protein response element protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress and
delivers protection towards potentially harmful challenges. The components of this multi …

Nonalcoholic liver disease is a component of metabolic syndrome associated with obesity,
insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. Excessive alcohol consumption may accelerate the …

Background The inappropriate apoptosis of macrophages plays an important role in the
pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury, however, the detailed regulatory …

GHRH is a neuropeptide associated with a diverse variety of activities in human physiology
and immune responses. The present study reviews the latest information on the involvement …

Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) perturbations are novel subcellular effectors
involved in the ischaemia‐reperfusion injury. As an ER stress‐inducible protein …

Discrimination between properly folded proteins and those that do not reach this state is
necessary for cells to achieve functionality. Eukaryotic cells have evolved several …