Polysaccharides have attracted considerable attention in a broad range of applications in
recent years, which is due to their remarkable features such as biocompatibility …

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been recognized for their applications in
extraction, separation, purification, and enrichment of (bio) molecules and cells. Recently …

Liquid–liquid phase separation plays an important role in cellular organization. Many
subcellular condensed bodies are hierarchically organized into multiple coexisting domains …

Engineering heterogeneous hydrogels with distinct phases at various lengths, which
resemble biological tissues with high complexity, remains challenging by existing fabricating …

Biochemical processes inside the cell take place in a complex environment that is highly
crowded, heterogeneous, and replete with interfaces. The recently recognized importance of …

Hydrophilic polymers are a major class of polymers in polymer science. They are found in
broad range of applications from superabsorbers to drug-delivery. In recent years, a plethora …

Living cells have evolved over billions of years to develop structural and functional
complexity with numerous intracellular compartments that are formed due to liquid–liquid …

The Martini 3 force field is a full reparametrization of the Martini coarse-grained model for
biomolecular simulations. Due to the improved interaction balance, it allows for a more …

Biological systems employ liquid–liquid phase separation to localize macromolecules and
processes. The properties of intracellular condensates that allow for multiple, distinct liquid …

Aqueous microstructures are challenging to create, handle, and preserve since their
surfaces tend to shrink into spherical shapes with minimum surface areas. The creation of …