One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more
frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the …

Highlights•Health behaviors reflect interplay between people and contextual factors.•'Social
determinants' include societal institutions, ideologies, and inequalities.•Health behaviors …

In this article, I build a new line of health inequality research that parallels the emerging
structural racism literature. I develop theory and measurement for the concept of structural …

This article examines the long‐term impacts on health and healthy behaviour of two of the
oldest and most widely cited US early childhood interventions evaluated by the method of …

In cardiovascular research, sex and gender have not typically been considered in research
design and reporting until recently. This has resulted in clinical research findings from which …

The global burden of cancer is growing and a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy
and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex has been demonstrated. The sex …

The genetic architecture of human reproductive behavior—age at first birth (AFB) and
number of children ever born (NEB)—has a strong relationship with fitness, human …

Despite the exponential increase in fear research during the last years, few studies have
included female subjects in their design. The need to include females arises from the …

Sex as a biological variable is an underappreciated aspect of biomedical research, with its
importance emerging in more recent years. This review assesses the current understanding …

Women's opportunities have been profoundly altered over the past century by reductions in
the social and structural constraints that limit women's educational attainment. Do social …