Astrophysical ices are being exposed to ionizing radiation in space environments, which
trigger new reactions and desorption processes. In the lab, such processing by radiation has …

As discovery of complex molecules and ions in our solar system and the interstellar medium
has proliferated, several groups have turned to laboratory experiments in an effort to …

Deep inside dense molecular clouds and protostellar disks, interstellar ices are protected
from stellar energetic UV photons. However, X-rays and energetic cosmic rays can penetrate …

We studied the effects produced by the interaction of heavy ion cosmic rays with interstellar
and cometary organic molecules in the solid phase. Formic acid (HCOOH) ice at 15 K was …

Water ices are a common component of cold space environments, including molecular and
protostellar clouds, and the frozen surfaces of moons, planets, and comets. When exposed …

We investigate the effects produced mainly by broadband soft X-rays up to 2 keV (plus fast
(∼ keV) photoelectrons and low-energy (∼ eV) induced secondary electrons) in the ice …

In this work, we studied the stability of the glycine molecule in the crystalline zwitterion form,
known as α-glycine (+ NH3CH2COO−), under the action of heavy cosmic ray analogues …

The effect of X-ray irradiation on the isolated formic acid molecules (HCOOH) in solid noble
gas matrices (Xe, Kr, Ar, and Ne) at very low temperatures (6 K) was first studied by FTIR …

In this work, broad-band soft X-ray (6–2000 eV) was employed to irradiate frozen acetonitrile
CH3CN, at the temperature 13 K, with different photon fluences up to 1.5× 1018 photons cm …

The abundances of molecules and ions depend on the mechanisms of their formation and
destruction that can occur both in the gas phase and in the condensed phase on grain …