Plant pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and oomycetes cause destructive diseases in
natural habitats and agricultural settings, thereby threatening plant biodiversity and global …

Highlights•Plant-associated fungi and oomycetes deliver effector proteins into the
apoplast.•Effector proteins function to promote host colonization.•Many characterized …

Adapted plant pathogens from various microbial kingdoms produce hundreds of unrelated
small secreted proteins (SSPs) with elusive roles. Here, we used AlphaFold-Multimer (AFM) …

The apoplast is one of the first cellular compartments outside the plasma membrane that
phytopathogenic microbes encounter in the early stages of plant tissue invasion. Plants …

Clubroot, caused by the soil-borne protist pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the
most devastating diseases of Brassica oil and vegetable crops worldwide. Understanding …

Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by cell-surface receptors is
pivotal in host-microbe interactions. Both pathogens and symbionts establish plant-microbe …

Secreted proteases act at the front line of defence and play pivotal roles in disease
resistance. However, the criteria for apoplastic immune proteases are not always defined …

Ectomycorrhizal fungi establish a mutualistic symbiosis in roots of most woody plants. The
molecular underpinning of ectomycorrhizal development was only explored in a few …

The intercellular space or apoplast constitutes the main interface in plant–pathogen
interactions. Apoplastic subtilisin‐like proteases—subtilases—may play an important role in …

The rhizosphere, as the “frontline” of plant life, connects plant roots, rhizosphere
microorganisms, and surrounding soil, plays a crucial role in plant growth and health …