Aerosols interact with radiation and clouds. Substantial progress made over the past 40
years in observing, understanding, and modeling these processes helped quantify the …

Aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) are considered to be the most uncertain driver of present-
day radiative forcing due to human activities. The non-linearity of cloud-state changes to …

As the atmosphere warms, part of the cloud population shifts from ice and mixed-phase
('cold') to liquid ('warm') clouds. Because warm clouds are more reflective and longer-lived …

The effect of anthropogenic aerosol on the reflectivity of stratocumulus cloud decks through
changes in cloud amount is a major uncertainty in climate projections. In frequently …

The representations of clouds, aerosols, and cloud–aerosol–radiation impacts remain some
of the largest uncertainties in climate change, limiting our ability to accurately reconstruct …

The impact of aerosols on cloud properties is one of the largest uncertainties in the
anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate. Significant progress has been made in …

We describe the historical evolution of the conceptualization, formulation, quantification,
application, and utilization of “radiative forcing”(RF) of Earth's climate. Basic theories of …

The influence of aerosol particles on cloud reflectivity remains one of the largest sources of
uncertainty in our understanding of anthropogenic climate change. Commercial shipping …

As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise and climate change becomes more
destructive, geoengineering has become a subject of serious consideration. By reflecting a …

Quantification of the radiative adjustment of marine low clouds to aerosol perturbations,
regionally and globally, remains the largest source of uncertainty in assessing current and …