Background: An ENDO-European Reference Network (ERN) initiative was launched that
was endorsed by the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and the European …

This is the first clinical practice guideline (CPG) from the American Academy of Pediatrics
(AAP) regarding the management of infantile hemangiomas (IHs). Similar consensus …

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common pediatric vascular tumor. Its pathogenesis is
poorly understood but thought to represent an aberrant response of pluripotent stem cells to …

Summary With a prevalence of 4· 5%, infantile haemangiomas are the most common benign
tumours of infancy, arising in the first few weeks of life and exhibiting a characteristic …

Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on
the cell type, can be activated (ie, T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (ie, T3 to 3, 3′-diiodo-l …

Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO) are a family of selenoproteins controlling systemic and
local availability of the major thyroid hormone l-thyroxine (T4), a prohormone secreted by the …

The goal of this review is to place the exciting advances that have occurred in our
understanding of the molecular biology of the types 1, 2, and 3 (D1, D2, and D3 …

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs in approximately 1: 2,000 to 1: 4,000 newborns. The
clinical manifestations are often subtle or not present at birth. This likely is due to trans …

The iodothyronine deiodinases initiate or terminate thyroid hormone action and therefore
are critical for the biological effects mediated by thyroid hormone. Over the years, research …

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common tumors of childhood. Unlike other tumors,
they have the unique ability to involute after proliferation, often leading primary care …