Biointerfaces mediate safe and efficient cell manipulation, which is essential for biomedical
innovations in advanced therapies and diagnostics. The biointerface established by vertical …

Immunotherapy, despite its promise for future anti-cancer approach, faces significant
challenges, such as off-tumor side effects, innate or acquired resistance, and limited …

The mechanism of extracellular ligand nano‐geometry in ex vivo T cell activation for
immunotherapy remains elusive. Herein, the authors demonstrate large aspect ratio (AR) of …

T cell immune responses are critical for in both physiological and pathological processes.
While biochemical cues are important, mechanical cues arising from the microenvironment …

Cellular programming of naïve T cells can improve the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy.
However, the current ex vivo engineering of T cells requires the pre-activation of T cells …

The ex vivo activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T cells are critical steps in adoptive
immunotherapy. Today, T cells are activated by stimulation with antibody-coated magnetic …

Cell membrane composed of lipid bilayer is a selectively permeable membrane that only
allows specific molecules to pass through. While such selectivity is essential for the survival …

Mechanosensing, or how cells sense and respond to the physical environment, is crucial for
many aspects of biological function, ranging from cell movement during development to …

While modern day integrated electronic circuits are essentially designed in a 2D fashion, the
brain can be regarded as a 3D circuit. The thus enhanced connectivity enables much more …

Exposure to MHC-antigen complexes on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
activates T cells, inducing the formation of the immune synapse (IS). Antigen detection at the …