Every cell in nature carries a rich surface coat of glycans, its glycocalyx, which constitutes
the cell's interface with its environment. In eukaryotes, the glycocalyx is composed of …

Abstract Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a phylogenetically ancient neurotrophic
hormone with crucial roles to play in CNS development and maturation. Recently, IGF-1 has …

Glycosylation is essential to brain development and function, but prior studies have often
been limited to a single analytical technique and excluded region-and sex-specific analyses …

Synaptic plasticity is the experience-dependent change in connectivity between neurons
that is believed to underlie learning and memory. Here, we discuss the cellular and …

Emotional learning is necessary for individuals to survive and prosper. Once acquired,
however, emotional associations are not always expressed. Indeed, the regulation of …

The rostral migratory stream (RMS) is the main pathway by which newly born subventricular
zone cells reach the olfactory bulb (OB) in rodents. However, the RMS in the adult human …

The mechanisms underlying the initiation/onset of, and the recovery from, depression are
still largely unknown; views that neurogenesis in the hippocampus may be important for the …

The literature was reviewed to summarize the current understanding of the role of ciliated
ependymal cells in the mammalian brain. Previous reviews were summarized. Publications …

Observations from different brain areas have established that the adult nervous system can
undergo significant experience-related structural changes throughout life. Less familiar is …

Polysialic acid (PSA) is a cell-surface glycan with an enormous hydrated volume that serves
to modulate the distance between cells. This regulation has direct effects on several cellular …