This article presents an overview of recent work on ant algorithms, that is, algorithms for
discrete optimization that took inspiration from the observation of ant colonies' foraging …

Conclusions The field of ACO algorithms is very lively, as testified, for example, by the
successful biannual workshop (ANTS—From Ant Colonies to Artificial Ants: A Series of …

Nature has been considered as an inspiration of several recent meta-heuristic algorithms.
This paper firstly studies and mimics the behavior of Scottish red deer in order to develop a …

Traditional job shop scheduling is concentrated on centralized scheduling or semi-
distributed scheduling. Under the Industry 4.0, the scheduling should deal with a smart and …

With the rapid development of logistics industry, vehicle scheduling is the key to the
optimization of transportation links. Vehicle transportation route planning is becoming more …

Due to growing environmental concerns about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, people
are more incline to use electric vehicles in various distribution services. Because of the …

The treatment of an optimization problem is a problem that is commonly researched and
discussed by scholars from all kinds of fields. If the problem cannot be optimized in dealing …

Although several meta-heuristics have been developed in the last two decades, most of
them are population-based, undergo many steps along with several parameters that make …

Social insects--ants, bees, termites, and wasps--can be viewed as powerful problem-solving
systems with sophisticated collective intelligence. Composed of simple interacting agents …

Swarm intelligence is a relatively new approach to problem solving that takes inspiration
from the social behaviors of insects and of other animals. In particular, ants have inspired a …