AI alignment aims to make AI systems behave in line with human intentions and values. As
AI systems grow more capable, the potential large-scale risks associated with misaligned AI …

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are expanding in popularity for broad
applications to challenging tasks in chemistry and materials science. Examples include the …

In coming decades, artificial general intelligence (AGI) may surpass human capabilities at
many critical tasks. We argue that, without substantial effort to prevent it, AGIs could learn to …

Viral quasispecies refers to a population structure that consists of extremely large numbers
of variant genomes, termed mutant spectra, mutant swarms or mutant clouds. Fueled by high …

A key aspect of bacterial survival is the ability to evolve while migrating across spatially
varying environmental challenges. Laboratory experiments, however, often study evolution …

Evolution provides a creative fount of complex and subtle adaptations that often surprise the
scientists who discover them. However, the creativity of evolution is not limited to the natural …

Engineers routinely design systems to be modular and symmetric in order to increase
robustness to perturbations and to facilitate alterations at a later date. Biological structures …

Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have
provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding “what happened” has precluded …

Evolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant
spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the …

Experimental evolution is the study of evolutionary processes occurring in experimental
populations in response to conditions imposed by the experimenter. This research approach …