The electric arc furnace is the main process unit in scrap‐based steelmaking. Owing to its
importance, numerous mathematical models for predicting the course of the electric arc …

Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) slag, a product of hot metal element (eg, Si, Mn, Fe, P)
oxidation and flux (eg lime, dolomite) dissolution, plays a critical role in the production of …

The impinging of multiple jets onto the molten bath in the BOF steelmaking process plays a
crucial role in reactor performance but is not clearly understood. This paper presents a …

A comprehensive model of oxygen steelmaking that includes the kinetics of scrap melting,
flux dissolution, slag chemistry, temperature profile of the system, formation and residence of …

A multi-zone kinetic model coupled with a dynamic slag generation model was developed
for the simulation of hot metal and slag composition during the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) …

Herein, the fluid mechanical aspects involving flow interactions between flows formed by the
top impinging jet and bottom blowing bubbles in a combined blowing converter bath are …

The development of a global model for oxygen steelmaking and its validation against
industrial data has been reported in Part 1 of this paper. Part 2 of this paper explained the …

A new model for the simulation of the converter steelmaking process was developed after
the detailed study of existing thermodynamic and kinetic models and approaches. This …

The study of splashing is important in understanding oxygen steelmaking. Splashing creates
large interfacial area between reacting surfaces and thereby directly affects the kinetics of …

In a previous study by the authors (Rout et al. in Metall Mater Trans B 49: 537–557, 2018), a
dynamic model for the BOF, employing the concept of multizone kinetics was developed. In …