Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a unification of endocrine and metabolic disorders and
has become immensely prevalent among women of fertile age. The prime organ affected in …

Macroautophagy/autophagy refers to the engulfment of cellular contents selected for
lysosomal degradation. The final step in autophagy is the fusion of autophagosome with the …

Aging is the time-dependent process that all living organisms go through characterized by
declining physiological function due to alterations in metabolic and molecular pathways …

Increased macroautophagy/autophagy and lysosomal activity promote tumor growth,
survival and chemo-resistance. During acute starvation, autophagy is rapidly engaged by …

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare tumor in children, but it is the most common primitive
intraocular malignancy in childhood age, especially those below three years old. The RB …

The incidence of diabetes has been increasing in recent decades which is affecting the
population of both, developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with micro …

A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological
relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial …

Background and Purpose Recent clinical trials report that metformin, an activator of AMP‐
activated protein kinase (AMPK) used to treat type 2 diabetes, significantly reduces the risk …

The elucidation of the function of the PINK1 protein kinase and Parkin ubiquitin E3 ligase in
the elimination of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) has provided …

Background Autophagy and ER stress are involved in maintaining some well-orchestrated
mechanisms aimed at either restoring cellular homeostasis or performing cell death …