A comprehensive review of quantum random number generators: Concepts, classification and the origin of randomness

V Mannalatha, S Mishra, A Pathak - Quantum Information Processing, 2023 - Springer
Random numbers are central to cryptography and various other tasks. The intrinsic
probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics has allowed us to construct a large number of …

Quantum technologies in the telecommunications industry

V Martin, JP Brito, C Escribano, M Menchetti… - EPJ Quantum …, 2021 - epjqt.epj.org
Quantum based technologies have been fundamental in our world. After producing the laser
and the transistor, the devices that have shaped our modern information society, the …

Certified randomness from untrusted sources and uncharacterized measurements

X Lin, R Wang, S Wang, ZQ Yin, W Chen, GC Guo… - Physical Review Letters, 2022 - APS
Generating random numbers plays an important role in many scientific applications.
Compared to pseudorandom number generators, a quantum device is capable of …

Semi-device independent randomness generation based on quantum state's indistinguishability

H Tebyanian, M Zahidy, M Avesani… - Quantum Science …, 2021 - iopscience.iop.org
Semi-device independent (Semi-DI) quantum random number generators (QRNGs) gained
attention for security applications, offering an excellent trade-off between security and …

Provably-secure quantum randomness expansion with uncharacterised homodyne detection

C Wang, IW Primaatmaja, HJ Ng, JY Haw, R Ho… - Nature …, 2023 - nature.com
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are able to generate numbers that are
certifiably random, even to an agent who holds some side information. Such systems …

Semi-device-independent heterodyne-based quantum random-number generator

M Avesani, H Tebyanian, P Villoresi, G Vallone - Physical Review Applied, 2021 - APS
Randomness is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which is an invaluable
resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Practical quantum random-number …

Quantum randomness generation via orbital angular momentum modes crosstalk in a ring-core fiber

M Zahidy, H Tebyanian, D Cozzolino, Y Liu… - AVS Quantum …, 2022 - pubs.aip.org
Genuine random numbers can be produced beyond a shadow of doubt through the intrinsic
randomness provided by quantum mechanics theories. While many degrees of freedom …

Source-independent quantum random number generators with integrated silicon photonics

Y Du, X Hua, Z Zhao, X Sun, Z Zhang, X Xiao… - Communications …, 2025 - nature.com
Random numbers play a crucial role in numerous scientific applications. Source-
independent quantum random number generators (SI-QRNGs) can offer true randomness …

Semi-device-independent randomness from -outcome continuous-variable detection

H Tebyanian, M Avesani, G Vallone, P Villoresi - Physical Review A, 2021 - APS
Recently, semi-device-independent protocols have attracted increasing attention,
guaranteeing security with few hypotheses and experimental simplicity. In this paper, we …

Steering-based randomness certification with squeezed states and homodyne measurements

M Ioannou, B Longstaff, MV Larsen… - Physical Review A, 2022 - APS
High-quality randomness, certified to be unpredictable by eavesdroppers, is key to secure
information processing. Quantum mechanics enables randomness certification with minimal …