Skeletal muscle atrophy is a well-known consequence of spaceflight. Because of the
potential significant impact of muscle atrophy and muscle dysfunction on astronauts and …

Compared to low doses of gamma irradiation (γ-IR), high-charge-and-energy (HZE) particle
IR may have different biological response thresholds in cardiac tissue at lower doses, and …

Abstract Space radiation and microgravity are recognized as primary and inevitable risk
factors for humans traveling in space, but the reports regarding their synergistic effects …

Purpose: Space radiations and microgravity both could cause DNA damage in cells, but the
effects of microgravity on DNA damage response to space radiations are still controversial …

Occupational radiation exposure from the space environment may result in non-cancer or
non-CNS degenerative tissue diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cataracts, and …

This paper presents an overview of the state of the art about the late effects of ionizing
radiation on skeletal muscle, helping new research and showing unexplored areas. For this …

Muscle irradiation (IRR) exposure can accompany unloading during spaceflight or cancer
treatment, and this has been shown to be sufficient by itself to induce skeletal muscle …

Background The limitations to prolonged spaceflight include unloading-induced atrophy of
the musculoskeletal system which may be enhanced by exposure to the space radiation …

Microcomputed tomography (μ CT) is an imaging technology to assess bone
microarchitecture, a determinant of bone strength. When measured in vivo, μ CT exposes …

This report reviews the scientific literature regarding the human system risks to the
microgravity environment of space flight in relation to human performance. The primary …